BIM is a streamlined collaborative workflow of modelling technology and an associated set of processes to produce, coordinate/communicate and analyse digital information models throughout the construction project life-cycle.(maintain define lama) streamlined collaborative workflow- as sub

No. The Technology has been in use in the industry prior to the process being coined as BIM.

Build it twice – virtually and physically allowing for pre-emptive measures :

a) Clash detection between discipline (Arch, C&S and Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing Services etc)

• less variation order caused by coordination error
• more efficient
• end product more quality

b) Less coordination error and less correction on site.

c) The ability for technical and non-technical people to visualize the end product in a simulated environment.

High income nations -Private sector driven due to the high labour costs. BIM allows for a more efficient use of resources. Government enforcing began once the BIM workforce has matured.

• Industry
• government

The use of BIM allows for improvement of current construction process. These areas include affordability, sustainability, and stakeholder relationships/workflows. If elaborated according to stages (design, construction, operation and maintenance).

Design Stage

• Allows Client/Building Owner to evaluate the proposed design, and changes
• Better understanding of project at early stages
• Improved planning and design
• More upfront involvement of key stakeholders who can provide earlier feedback
• Intelligent transfer of information between key project stakeholders
• Greater certainty between design intent and the final construction and operation of the building
• Each project stakeholder has more informed design decisions at the beginning of the project.
• Improved efficiency for design production
• Improved ability for analysis and design audit
• Quicker client approvals via showing design intent

Construction Stage

• Better outcomes through collaboration
• Improves multi-party communication
• Reduced project risk
• Enhanced project performance
• Improved safety and quality
• Reduces unbudgeted construction changes
• Reduced waste
• Increased prefabrication
• Reduce unpredicted disruptions in the construction process.
• Increased transparency
• Real time coordination across disciplines

Operation and Maintenance Stage

• Procure and manage assets report at early stage
• Reduction in the lifecycle cost
• Elimination of defects
• Fewer and more predictable disruptions to business operations occur in a well-run facility.
• Digital facilities management, armed with a full complement of operation and maintenance information makes building operator reducing operating cost.

BIM implementation based on the progressive stages according to the level of maturity and capability of the industry. In general, BIM Implementation Stage in Malaysia indicate the main elements to guide the construction industry players in implementing BIM. The detail explanations of each stage as below:-

Stage 0

• Pre-BIM (2D CAD/Managed CAD)    
• Both manual and computer based documents used such as CAD drawings and spreadsheet.
• Much of project information (ie drawings and written documents) are manually managed on paper.
• A standardised approach to structure the data in CAD format.
• Design quality is not communicated effectively
• Rely on human interpretation or visualizations skills

Stage 1

• Discipline Based Model (Discipline-based 3D Model with Digital Information)    
• Application of BIM tools to streamline the design and construction activities.
• Primarily use of BIM tools to automate the generation and coordination of 2D documentation and 3D BIM Model.
• Design models which are used primarily to automate generation of the BIM Uses.
• Data exchanges between project stakeholders are unidirectional.
• No significant model-based interchanges between different disciplines.
• The implementation of BIM takes place in an isolated condition within the organisation.

Level 2

• Collaborative Based Model (Collaborative based 3D Modelc with Digital Information)    
• The construction data will be managed structuredly in 3D environment.
• The structured data can be share and communicate using the specific platform.
• Use of multidisciplinary model that promote collaboration process.
• Integration of 4D construction sequencing and/or 5D cost information.

Level 3

• Integrated Based Model (Integrated 3D Model and digital information through integrated network or cloud based application)    
• Use of cloud-based BIM model throughout construction process
• Leverage the cloud-based environment to strengthen the collaboration process among project stakeholder
• Use of mobile technology to create, manage and communicate the construction data.